he and I are playing. The words attached with singulars subject using words- with, as well as etc are parenthetical, that is why verbs are singular-  parenthetical search required your father, as well as, you has been invited anil together with his friends, is absent today. in case of either or and neither nor if all subjects are singular then we treat it as singular and vice versa Either mahesh or his brother has stood first others either he or I am mistaken either he is mistaken or I am neither you nor he is to blame he is not to blame, nor are you.   When either, neither,each, everyone and many are used without or and nor in that case singular verb will be used - she asked me whether either of the candidates was suitable neither of the two men was very fat. many a man has succumbed to this temptation. other example Each day and each hour brings its duty. Every boy and Every girl was given a packet of sweets. In case of a number of  we will use plural verb but in case of the number of we will use singular verb     the number of boys is not so large in this class.           Some nouns are in singular form but having plural meaning in that case we will use plural verb- Two dozen cost fifty rupees many - required to be confirmed   The police are investigating the case.     Both, few, a few, none and several we use plural verb generally        In case where plural noun is showing exact qty then we use singular verb-  Twenty kilometers is a long distance. Required to be confirmed   Fifty thousands rupees is a big sum     use of make and get if work is done by ourselves then we use make or made. There will be noun or pronoun used after make. No verb will be used. And after noun or pronoun always first form of verb will be used in both cases make and made. example- I made you laugh mother made the children sleep.   if work is done by other then we use get and in that case in all cases third form of verb will be used. example - ramesh is getting this house made/ constructed. I got my shirt ironed. she will get her sari dry-cleaned I got a gold ring made by a goldsmith.   the noun after which wh word or of or that is used then the will  be used as determinant the  man who is talking to the dragons of     few is used for countables and little is used for uncountables. few is negative ( not many, hardly, any ) a few is positive the few- something special few people always speak the truth a few people were listening to the leader the few students who took the examination,failed. she has little hope to pass the examination she has a little hope the little milk in the cup, is fresh. many books are good there is much water in the river all the student were playing many books are good there is much water in the river all the student were playing     in case of following words there is only singular no plural luggage, scenery, cattle, advice, information, furniture, hair we have received no information. they have many luggage my hair is black the scenery of kashmir is fascinating savita has much furniture we have many heads of cattle. note - if there is number, some, many, a lot of words are used then hairs will be used.   to some verbs we cannot see while they are happening in that case we don’t use ing example- understand, recognise, know, love, hate, believe, seem, want ,resembl, mean     following words never used together- cousin- brother or sister blunder-mistake united- together accompany - with enter- in reach- at return- back   he made a blunder mistakke he entered into the room they reached at the station he has just returned back he got passing marks- he got pass marks     she knows where were you going - incorrect she knows where you were going. Correct   apostrophe girls's college - incorrect girls' college- correct   most interesting sentence when we give exam we will use take word and when we will take exam we will use give word- I shall take B.A. exam, this year. The University will give B.A. exam The teacher will give a test today the students will take a test today   in case of first, second and third we will use singular noun and in case of two, three and four we will use plural noun. The first two chapters of this book are good.   Drown in case of man and sink in case of article   but me not buts no excuse iron is also an uncountable noun. When we use irons then we use it for hathkariya. he broke the irons and ran away. how fearful the snake is! what a beautiful building the taj is !   but for you help, I should have been ruined but for - without  the verbs end with - o, ss, ch, x, sh or z then we use es at the end of the word.     we don’t use ing in case of following verbs verbs of perception see, hear, taste, feel, smell, notice, prefer, please, recall. so it is incorrect to say I am hearing a song. Say I hear a song but we use hearing in court in the meaning sunvayi   verbs showing feelings or state of mind want, wish, desire, like, dislike, believe, care, hate, love, hope, imagine, refuse, forgive so it is incorrect we are wishing you success. We wish you success.   verbs showing possession posses, own, belong to, have he is possessing a vast area of land. I am having a dozen of horses. I have a dozen of horses.   verbs denoting the process of thinking know, feel, think, suppose, remember, forget, recollect, mind, recall, understand, mean, realise he is thinking that you are an honest man. He thinks hat this box is containing my clothes. This box contains my clothes.   other example- the doctor is seeing the patient. he is seeing me today the doctor is feeling the pulse of the patient   in the case of words ends with g,h,q,u,w,x,y last word will not be double- growing blowing drawing   the use of as as he is poor. He cannot buy a new cycle. poor as he is, he is very honest   in case of had better and would rather and let we use first form of verb you had better wash your face. I would rather stay at home let me go.   have, get, make, cause are causatives got or cause make or had he got a workman to whitewash his house. he caused a washerman to wash his clothes. I have my sister stitch my shirt she had her chair repaired by a carpenter.   without,on, for, of,need, help,mind,by, instead of  then whatever verb is used after that we use ing he ran without stopping. he posted a letter without writing an address on it.   work hard lest you should fail he walks as if he were drunk he was trembling as if he had seen a ghost. Concord in english means singular subject take on singular verbs , pronouns and nouns in the sentence and vice versa. Words like everyone, everybody, each person, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, and nobody are pronouns — singular pronouns Put accurate punctuation-  A pair of commas cordons off information that is an aside, explanation, or addition.  Holmes, having searched for further clues, left by the back door. (3) Colon – colons have three main purposes:  To introduce a vertical list or a running-text list, for example: She has several positive characteristics: charm, dignity, and stickability.  If you really want to lose weight, you must give up the following sweets: cake, pie, candy, and cookies. To act as a ‘why-because’ marker which leads the reader from one idea to its consequence, for example: There’s one big problem with tennis on radio: you can’t see it.  To separate two sharply contrasting and parallel statements, for example: During Wimbledon, television is like someone with a reserved ticket: radio is for the enthusiast who has queued all night to get in.  3. Use a colon before the part of a sentence that explains what has just been stated. Our store has a fixed policy: We will not be undersold. 4. Use a colon after the salutation of a business letter. Dear Dr. Lewis: To Whom It May Concern: 5. Use a colon to distinguish chapter from verse in a Biblical citation, hours from minutes, and titles from subtitles. Song of Songs 4:15 10:15 A.M. Eating Healthy: A Complete Guide And here are those guidelines: 1. Use a comma to set off parts of a sentence. Use a comma to separate parts of a compound sentence. Use the comma before the coordinating conjunction. The movie was sold out, so we decided to have an early dinner. The movie was a blockbuster, but we arrived early enough to get seats. Our friends are easy-going, and they don’t get upset when plans change. Use a comma to set off dialogue. Martha said, “This movie won an Academy Award.” “This movie,” Martha said, “won an Academy Award.” “This movie won an Academy Award,” Martha said. Use a comma to separate the parts of an address. Do not use a comma before the zip code in an address. Rick lives at 163 East Plains Drive, Boston, MA 89012 2. Use a comma after introductory and concluding expressions. Use a comma after an introductory word. Yes, I will be coming to the retirement party. However, I won’t be able to bring a macaroni salad. Use a comma after an introductory phrase. To get a good night’s sleep, you should practice relaxation techniques. Beginning tomorrow, the store will be open until midnight. Use a comma after an introductory clause. Although the sky is overcast, I don’t think that it will rain this afternoon. Since you can’t do the dishes, could you please walk the dog tonight? Use a comma to set off words in apposition (words that give additional information about the preceding or following word or expression). A good eater, my baby will be off the bottle soon. My baby, a good eater, will be off the bottle soon. Use a comma to set off a nonessential clause (a clause that can be omitted without changing the sentence’s basic meaning). Elizabeth II, who was born in 1926 in London, is the queen of England. Prince Charles, Elizabeth’s first child, was born in 1948. Never use commas to set off an essential clause, a clause that cannot be omitted. Some states retest drivers who are over age 65 to check their ability to drive safely. 4. Use commas to prevent misreading. Use a comma to clarify any potentially confusing sentences. Confusing: Those who can practice many hours every day. Clear: Those who can, practice many hours every day. Confusing: Luisa dressed and sang for an enthusiastic crowd. Clear: Luisa dressed, and sang for an enthusiastic crowd. A dash (—) is not the same as a hyphen. The dash, or a pair of dashes, lets you interrupt a sentence to add emphasis with additional information. Use dashes lightly or you risk creating a breathless, overly informal style. Use a dash to emphasize an example, a definition, or a contrast. Two of the strongest animals in the jungle—the elephant and gorilla—are vegetarians. Two of the strongest animals in the jungle are vegetarians—the elephant and gorilla. 1. Use the ellipsis to show that you have deleted words or sentences from a passage you are quoting. Abraham Lincoln said: “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth . . . a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.” Don’t use the ellipsis to show that words have been omitted from the beginning of a sentence. Just omit the words and begin the quote. 1. Use a hyphen in certain compound nouns. pint-sized great-grandmother 2. Use hyphens in written-out fractions and in written-out compound numbers from twentyone to ninety-nine. one-half fifty-five 3. Use single quotation marks to set off quoted material or the titles of short works within a quotation enclosed by double quotation marks. “Did you read ‘The Ransom of Red Chief’ last night?” the teacher asked. 4. Use quotation marks to set off words used for emphasis or a definition. The proposed “tax reform” is really nonsense. (4) Semicolon – to use semicolons safely you need to satisfy two criteria:  The statements separated by the semicolons could stand alone as separate sentences.  The topics mentioned in the two statements are closely related. For example: The large oak frame houses the striking train of gears; these parts have been painted black and are the early parts of the clock.  Semicolons can often seem less curt than a full stop and can also be used to separate the items in a list. A semicolon is a comma and period combined, like this (;). The semicolon’s structure shows you that the semicolon is a hybrid of a comma and a period. It’s a stronger stop than a comma but not as strong as a period. 1. Use a semicolon between closely related independent clauses when the coordinating conjunction has been left out. The chef cooked far too much chicken; we eagerly devoured the excess. 2. Use a semicolon between main clauses connected by conjunctive adverbs such as however, nevertheless, moreover, for example, and consequently. Sarah wanted to be a doctor; however, she faints at the sight of blood. 3. Use a semicolon to join independent clauses when one or both clauses contain a comma. Glenn, who is an accomplished musician, wanted to perform at his sister’s wedding; but he quickly discovered that Marcia, the maid of honor, had other plans for the entertainment. 2. Use an apostrophe to show plural forms. Use an apostrophe and s to show the plural of a number, symbol, or letter, or words used to name themselves. three 7’s two ?’s your u’s look like w’s There are too many distracting like’s and um’s in her speech. Use an apostrophe to show numbers have been left out of a date. the ’70s the ’90s